Integration of Islam and mathematics: A study of the number 10 in surah al-Kautsar

Abstract

This study explores the concept of the number 10 as found in Surah al-Kawthar using an integrative approach between the Qur’an and mathematics. Employing a qualitative content analysis method, the study adopts the “Mathematics to Explore the Qur’an” integration model. The primary data source is the Qur’an, with particular emphasis on Surah al-Kawthar, while supporting data are obtained from articles, books, and websites related to Islam-integrated mathematics. The analysis identifies numerical patterns within the surah, including the frequency of words and letters, as well as gematria values. Findings reveal multiple occurrences of the number 10 throughout the surah: in the total word count, the number of unique Arabic letters in each verse, the instances of the letter rā’ (ر) at the end of each verse, and the symbolic association with the 10th of Dhū al-Ḥijjah—a significant date in Islamic ritual practice. These patterns indicate a mathematically structured composition in Surah al-Kawthar. The study contributes to the growing field of Qur’anic mathematical exploration and aims to uncover deeper dimensions of the Qur’an’s miraculous structure.

Keywords: Surah al-Kawthar; Islam and mathematics; Qur’an-integrated math; gematria; number symbolism